1. Te hanga taimana pania ki te carbide
Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakaranu i te paura whakarewa me te taimana, te whakamahana ki tētahi pāmahana kua whakaritea, me te whakamahana mō tētahi wā i raro i te korehau. I tēnei pāmahana, he rawaka te pēhanga kohu o te whakarewa hei uhi, ā, i te wā anō, ka mimiti te whakarewa ki te mata taimana hei hanga i tētahi taimana pania.
2. Te kōwhiringa o te konganuku pania
Kia pakari ai, kia pono ai hoki te paninga taimana, kia mārama ake ai hoki ki te awe o te hanganga paninga ki te kaha paninga, me whiriwhiri te konganuku paninga. E mōhio ana tātou he alloomorphism te taimana o C, ā, he tetrahedron auau tōna whatunga, nō reira ko te kaupapa o te paninga i te hanganga konganuku he pai te hononga o te konganuku ki te waro. Mā tēnei, i raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ka puta te taunekeneke matū i te atanga, ka hanga he hononga matū pakari, ā, ka hangaia he kiriuhi Me-C. E tohu ana te ariā urunga me te piri i roto i te pūnaha taimana-konganuku ka puta te taunekeneke matū ina neke atu i te 0 te mahi piri, ā, ka tae ki tētahi uara. Ko ngā huānga konganuku rōpū B poto-wā i roto i te ripanga wā, pērā i a Cu, Sn, Ag, Zn, Ge, me ētahi atu, he iti te hononga ki a C, ā, he iti te mahi piri, ā, ko ngā hononga i hangaia he hononga ngota ngota kāore e kaha, ā, kaua e whiriwhiria; He nui te mahi piri o ngā konganuku whakawhiti i roto i te ripanga ā-wā roa, pērā i te Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, me ētahi atu, ki te pūnaha o C. Ka piki ake te kaha taunekeneke o te C me ngā konganuku whakawhiti me te maha o ngā irahiko paparanga-d, nō reira he pai ake te Ti me te Cr mō te hipoki i ngā konganuku.
3. Whakamātautau rama
I te pāmahana o te 8500C, kāore e taea e te taimana te eke ki te pūngao kore utu o ngā ngota waro whakahohe i runga i te mata taimana me te paura whakarewa hei hanga i te karāhe whakarewa, me te iti rawa o te 9000C hei whakatutuki i te pūngao e hiahiatia ana mō te hanganga o te karāhe whakarewa. Heoi, ki te tino teitei te pāmahana, ka puta he mate wera wera ki te taimana. I runga i te awe o te hapa ine pāmahana me ētahi atu āhuatanga, ka whakatakotoria te pāmahana whakamātautau paninga ki te 9500C. E kitea ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te wā whakamahana me te tere tauhohenga (i raro),? I muri i te taenga ki te pūngao kore utu o te whakaputanga karāhe whakarewa, ka tere te haere o te tauhohenga, ā, me te whakaputanga o te karāhe, ka puhoi haere te tere tauhohenga. Kāore e kore, mā te whakaroa i te wā whakamahana, ka pai ake te kiato me te kounga o te paparanga, engari i muri i te 60 meneti, kāore te kounga o te paparanga e tino pāngia, nō reira ka whakatakotoria e mātou te wā whakamahana kia 1 hāora; ko te teitei ake o te korehau, ko te pai ake, engari he iti noa iho ki ngā tikanga whakamātautau, ko te tikanga ka whakamahia e mātou te 10-3mmHg.
Te kaupapa whakapakari kaha whakauru mōkihi
E whakaatu ana ngā hua whakamātautau he kaha ake te tinana o te kōpū i te taimana pania i te taimana kāore i pania. Ko te take o te kaha o te whakaurunga o te tinana o te kōpū ki te taimana pania, he hapa mata me ngā pakaru iti i runga i te mata, i roto rānei o tētahi taimana horihori kāore i pania. Nā te noho mai o ēnei pakaru iti, ka heke te kaha o te taimana, i tētahi atu taha, kāore te huānga C o te taimana e tauhohe ki ngā wāhanga o te tinana kōpū. Nō reira, he kete whakaputa miihini noa iho te tinana potae o te taimana kāore i pania, ā, he tino ngoikore tēnei momo whakauru kete. Kia utaina te kawenga, ka arahi ngā pakaru iti i runga ake nei ki te kukū o te ahotea, ka heke te kaha whakauru kete. He rerekē te take o te taimana taumaha, nā te whakakikorua o te kiriata whakarewa, ka whakakīia ngā hapa whatu taimana me ngā pakaru iti, i tētahi taha, ka piki ake te kaha o te taimana pania, i tētahi atu taha, ka whakakīia ki ngā pakaru iti, kāore he āhuatanga kukū ahotea. Ko te mea nui ake, ko te urunga o te konganuku herea ki roto i te tinana potae ka huri hei waro i runga i te mata taimana, ka uru mai ngā matū. Ko te hua o tēnei, ko te hononga o te konganuku ki te taimana mākū mai i te 100° ki raro iho i te 500°, he nui ake te pai o te hononga o te konganuku mō te whakamakū taimana, ā, ko te tinana potae o te takai taimana e whakatakotoria ana e te takai miihini taketake ki roto i te takai hononga, arā, ko te taimana hipoki me te tinana potae e hono ana, ā, he pai ake te tinana o te pēpi.
Te kaha whakauru mōkihi. I taua wā anō, e whakapono ana mātou he pānga anō hoki ētahi atu āhuatanga pēnei i ngā tawhā whakapūmau, te rahi o te matūriki taimana pania, te kounga, te rahi o te matūriki tinana kukune me ētahi atu ki te kaha whakauru mōkihi. Ka taea e te pēhanga whakapūmau tika te whakanui ake i te kiato pēhi me te whakapai ake i te pakeketanga o te tinana kukune. Ka taea e te pāmahana whakapūmau tika me te wā whakamahana te whakatairanga i te tauhohenga matū pāmahana teitei o te hanganga tinana potae me te konganuku pania me te taimana, kia mau ai te hononga mōkihi, kia pai ai te kounga taimana, kia rite te hanganga karaihe, kia wairewa te wāhanga rite, ā, kia pai ake ai te huinga mōkihi.
Pukapuka mai i a Liu Xiaohui
Wā tuku: Maehe-13-2025
