Ka rite ki te hanga ki te huringa teitei-mutunga, te whanaketanga tere i roto i te mara o te pūngao ma, me te semiconductor me te whanaketanga ahumahi photovoltaic, ki te pai tiketike, me te kaha tukatuka pū tiketike o taputapu taimana tipu tono, engari taimana paura horihori rite te mea tino nui rawa, taimana mataeinaa me te matrix pupuri kaha e kore e kaha ngāwari te ora taputapu carbide wawe he kore roa. Hei whakatau i enei raru, ka whakamahia e te umanga te paninga mata o te paura taimana me nga taonga whakarewa, hei whakapai ake i ona ahuatanga o te mata, te whakarei ake i te mauroa, kia pai ake ai te kounga o te taputapu.
Ko te tikanga whakakikorua taimana paura mata he nui ake, tae atu ki te whakakikorua matū, electroplating, magnetron sputtering whakakikorua, korehau whakaetonga whakakikorua, wera wera tauhohenga, me ētahi atu, tae atu ki te whakakikorua matū me te whakakikorua ki te tukanga pakeke, whakakikorua kākahu, ka taea te whakahaere tika i te hanganga paninga me te matotoru, nga painga o te whakakikoruatanga whakakikorua, kua riro hei ahumahi e rua nga hangarau e tino whakamahia ana.
1. whakakikorua matū
Ko te paninga matū paura taimana ko te tuku i te paura taimana kua rongoa ki roto i te otinga whakakikorua matū, me te whakatakoto i nga katote whakarewa ki roto i te otinga paninga na roto i te mahi a te kaihoko whakaheke i roto i te otinga whakakikorua matū, ka hanga he paninga whakarewa matotoru. I tenei wa, ko te whakakikorua matū taimana e whakamahia nuitia ana ko te whakakikorua matū nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) ko te nuinga o te wa e kiia ana ko te whakakikorua nickel matū.
01 Te hanganga o te otinga whakakikorua nickel matū
Ko te hanganga o te otinga whakakikorua matū he awe nui ki te pai o te ahunga whakamua, te pumau me te kounga o te paninga o tana tauhohenga matū. Kei roto i te nuinga o te waa te tote matua, te kaihoko whakaheke, te whakahiato, te kaitao, te whakapumau, te whakatere, te surfactant me etahi atu waahanga. Ko te wahanga o ia waahanga me ata whakatikatika kia tutuki ai te painga whakakikorua pai.
1, te tote matua: te nuinga o te nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel amino sulfonic acid, nickel carbonate, me etahi atu, ko tana mahi matua ko te whakarato i te puna nickel.
2. Kaituku whakaheke: ko te nuinga o te whakarato hauwai ngota, ka whakaheke i te Ni2 + i roto i te otinga whakakikorua ki roto i te Ni, ka waiho ki runga i te mata o nga matūriki taimana, koinei te waahanga nui o te otinga whakakikorua. I roto i te ahumahi, te konutai tuarua phosphate ki kaha whakaiti kaha, utu iti me te pai whakakikorua pūmautanga te nuinga whakamahia rite te kaihoko whakaiti. Ka taea e te punaha whakaheke te whakatutuki i te whakakikorua matū i te pāmahana iti me te pāmahana teitei.
3, te kaihoko matatini: ka taea e te otinga paninga te whakaheke i te rerenga, te whakarei ake i te pumau o te otinga whakakikorua, te roa o te oranga ratonga o te otinga whakakikorua, te whakapai ake i te tere o te nickel, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te paparanga paninga, te whakamahi i te waikawa succinin, te waikawa citric, te waikawa lactic me etahi atu waikawa waro me o ratou tai.
4. Ētahi atu wāhanga: ka taea e te stabilizer tautāwhi i te pirau o te otinga whakakikorua, engari no te mea ka pa te reira i te takanga o te tauhohenga whakakikorua matū, me whakamahi āhua; ka taea e te kaipara te whakaputa H + i roto i te tauhohenga whakakikorua nickel matū hei whakarite i te pumau tonu o te pH; ka taea e te surfactant te whakaiti i te porosity paninga.
02 Te tukanga whakakikorua nickel matū
Ko te whakakikorua matū o te punaha konutai hypophosphate me whai mahi catalytic te kopu, a ko te mata taimana kaore he pokapū mahi catalytic, no reira me whakamaarama i mua i te whakakikorua matū o te paura taimana. Ko te tikanga tuku iho mo te whakakikorua matū ko te tango hinu, te whakakorikori, te whakamaarama me te whakahohe.
(1) Ko te tango i te hinu, te pupuhi: ko te tango hinu te nuinga ki te tango i te hinu, nga stains me etahi atu parahanga pararopi i runga i te mata o te paura taimana, ki te whakarite i te tata me te pai o te mahi o te paninga o muri. Ka taea e te coarsening te hanga i etahi rua iti me nga kapiti i runga i te mata o te taimana, te whakanui ake i te taratara o te mata o taimana, e kore e pai ki te adsorption o katote konganuku i roto i tenei wahi, te whakahaere i te whakakikorua matū muri me te electroplating, engari ano hoki hanga takahanga i runga i te mata o te taimana, whakarato tikanga pai mo te tipu o te whakakikorua matū paparanga whakarewa electroplating ranei.
I te nuinga o te wa, ko te tikanga tango hinu te NaOH me etahi atu otinga kawakore hei otinga tango hinu, a, mo te hikoinga, ka whakamahia te waikawa nitric me etahi atu otinga waikawa hei otinga matū matū hei tarai i te mata taimana. I tua atu, me whakamahi enei hononga e rua ki te miihini horoi ultrasonic, e pai ana ki te whakapai ake i te pai o te tangohanga hinu paura taimana me te pupuhi, te whakaora i te wa i roto i te tangohanga hinu me te tukanga whakakoi, me te whakarite i te painga o te tango hinu me te korero kino,
(2) Te whakakorikori me te whakakorikori: ko te mahi whakakorikori me te whakakorikori ko te waahanga tino nui i roto i te mahinga whakakikorua matū katoa, e hono tika ana ki te taea te kawe i te whakakikorua matū. Ko te whakamohiotanga ko te whakauru i nga matū ngawari ki runga i te mata o te paura taimana kaore he mana autocatalytic. Ko te whakahohenga he ki te adsorb te hāoratanga o te waikawa hypophosphoric me catalytically katote whakarewa kaha (pērā i te palladium konganuku) i runga i te whakaiti o matūriki nickel, kia rite ki te whakatere i te reiti waipara o paninga i runga i te mata o te paura taimana.
I te nuinga o te korero, he poto rawa te wa maimoatanga mo te whakamaaramatanga me te whakahohe, he iti ake te ahua o te taimana mata whakarewa palladium, he iti te whakauru o te paninga, he ngawari te takahanga o te paparanga paninga, he uaua ranei ki te hanga i te paninga katoa, a he roa rawa te wa maimoatanga, ka puta te ururua i te tohu palladium, na, ko te wa pai mo te whakamaaramatanga me te whakahohe maimoatanga ko te 20 ~ 30min.
(3) Te whakakikorua nickel matū: ko te tukanga whakakikorua nickel matū e kore e pa ki te hanganga o te otinga whakakikorua, engari ano hoki e pa ana ki te pāmahana otinga whakakikorua me te uara PH. Ko te whakakikorua matū matū teitei o mua, ka noho te pāmahana whānui i roto i te 80 ~ 85 ℃, neke atu i te 85 ℃ ngawari ki te whakaheke i te otinga whakakikorua, me te iti iho i te 85 ℃ te pāmahana, ka tere ake te tere o te tauhohenga. I runga i te uara PH, i te mea ka piki ake te pH o te whakakikorua i te reeti whakakikorua, engari ka puta ano hoki te pH ki te hanga parataiao nickel tote parataiao te aukati i te tere tauhohenga matū, na i roto i te tukanga o te whakakikorua nickel matū ma te arotau i te hanganga o te otinga whakakikorua matū me te ōwehenga, nga tikanga tukanga whakakikorua matū, te whakahaere i te tere o te whakakikorua o te paninga matū, te whakakikorua i te kiato, te whakakikorua i te whakakikorua i te kaha o te whakakikorua i te waahana o te ahumahi.
I tua atu, kaore e taea e te paninga kotahi te whakatutuki i te matotoru o te whakakikorua pai, a, tera pea he mirumiru, he pine me etahi atu hapa, na reira ka taea te tango i te maha o te paninga hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te paninga me te whakanui ake i te marara o te paura taimana kua pania.
2. hiko hiko
Na te ahua o te ūkuikui i roto i te paparanga whakakikorua i muri i te whakakikorua o te nickel matū taimana, ka arahi ki te ngoikoretanga o te hiko hiko, e pa ana ki te tukanga uta onepu o te taputapu taimana (te tukanga o te whakatika i nga matūriki taimana i runga i te mata matrix), na reira ka taea te whakamahi i te paparanga whakakikorua kahore he ūkuikui i te ara o te whakakikorua nickel. Ko te mahi motuhake ko te tuku i te paura taimana ki roto i te otinga paninga kei roto i nga katote nickel, ko nga matūriki taimana e pa ana ki te hiko hiko kino ki roto i te cathode, paraka whakarewa nickel i rukuhia ki roto i te otinga whakakikorua ka hono atu ki te hiko hiko pai kia noho hei anode, na roto i te mahi electrolytic, ka whakahekehia nga ngota nickel free i roto i te otinga paninga ki nga ngota i runga i te mata taimana, me nga ngota.
01 Te hanganga o te otinga whakakikorua
Pērā i te otinga whakakikorua matū, ko te otinga whakakikorua hiko te nuinga e whakarato ana i nga katote whakarewa e tika ana mo te tukanga whakakikorua, me te whakahaere i te tukanga tuku nickel ki te whiwhi i te paninga whakarewa e hiahiatia ana. Ko ona waahanga matua ko te tote matua, te kaihoko hohe anode, te kaitarai, nga taapiri me etahi atu.
(1) Tote matua: te nuinga o te whakamahi i te nickel sulfate, nickel amino sulfonate, me etahi atu. Ko te tikanga, ko te teitei ake o te tote tote matua, ko te tere o te tohatoha i roto i te otinga whakakikorua, ko te teitei ake o te kaha o naianei, ko te reiti whakaheke whakarewa, engari ka pakaru nga kakano paninga, me te heke o te tote matua o te tote, te kino o te whakahaere o te paninga, me te uaua ki te whakahaere i te paninga.
(2) Anode māngai kaha: no te mea he ngāwari ki te passivation te anode, ngāwari ki te rawakore conductivity, e pa ana ki te ōritetanga o te tohatoha o nāianei, na he mea tika ki te tāpiri nickel pūhaumāota, konutai pūhaumāota me ētahi atu āpiha rite anodic activator ki te whakatairanga anode whakahohenga, te whakapai ake i te kiato o nāianei o te passivation anode.
(3) Kaipupuri: ka rite ki te otinga whakakikorua matū, ka taea e te kaiwawao te pupuri i te pumau o te otinga whakakikorua me te pH cathode, kia rere ke ai i roto i te awhe e whakaaetia ana o te tukanga whakakikorua. He waikawa boric, waikawa acetic, konutai bicarbonate me etahi atu.
(4) Ko etahi atu taapiri: kia rite ki nga whakaritenga o te whakakikorua, taapirihia te nui o te kaihoko kanapa, te kaiwhakatairitenga, te makuku me te kaihoko rereke me etahi atu taapiri hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te paninga.
02 Te rere nickel taimana hiko
1. pretreatment i mua i whakakikorua: ko te taimana he maha kore conductive, a me whakakikoruatia ki te kahu o te whakarewa i roto i ētahi atu tukanga paninga. Ko te tikanga whakakikorua matū ka whakamahia i mua i te whakakikorua i tetahi paparanga whakarewa me te matotoru, na te kounga o te paninga matū ka pa ki te kounga o te paparanga whakakikorua ki tetahi waahanga. I te nuinga o te korero, ko te ihirangi o te ūkuikui i roto i te paninga i muri i te whakakikorua matū he nui te paanga ki te kounga o te paninga, me te paninga ūkuikui teitei he pai ake te aukati i te waikura i roto i te taiao waikawa, he nui ake te pupuhi o te pukupuku o te mata o te paninga, te nui o te mata o te mata me te kore he taonga autō; ko te paninga ūkuikui reo he parenga waikura me te aukati mau; te paninga ūkuikui iti he pai ake te kawe.
Hei taapiri, ko te iti ake o te matūriki o te paura taimana, ka nui ake te waahanga mata motuhake, ka whakakikoruatia, ka ngawari ki te rewa i roto i te otinga whakakikorua, ka puta te rerenga, te whakakikorua, te whakakikorua i nga ahuatanga o te paparanga, i mua i te whakakikorua, me whakahaere te ihirangi P me te kounga whakakikorua, ki te whakahaere i te kawe me te kiato o te paura taimana hei whakapai ake i te paura ngawari ki te rewa.
2, whakakikorua nickel: i tenei wa, he maha nga wa e whakamahia ana e te whakakikorua taimana paura te tikanga whakakikorua, ara, ko te nui tika o te otinga electroplating ka whakauruhia ki roto i te pounamu, he nui o te paura taimana horihori ki te otinga hiko, na roto i te hurihanga o te pounamu, peia te paura taimana i roto i te pounamu ki te huri. I te wa ano, ka hono te hiko pai ki te poraka nickel, ka hono te hiko kino ki te paura taimana artificial. I raro i te mahi o te mara hiko, nga katote nickel free i roto i te otinga whakakikorua i hanga nickel whakarewa i runga i te mata o te paura taimana horihori. Heoi ano, ko tenei tikanga nga raru o te iti o te pai o te paninga me te paninga koretake, na reira i puta mai ai te tikanga hiko hurihuri.
Ko te tikanga hiko hurihuri ko te huri i te cathode ki te whakakikorua puehu taimana. Ka taea e tenei huarahi te whakanui ake i te waahi whakapiri i waenga i te hiko me nga matūriki taimana, te whakanui ake i te kawe i waenga i nga matūriki, te whakapai ake i te ahua koretake o te paninga, me te whakapai ake i te pai o te hanga o te whakakikorua nickel taimana.
whakarāpopototanga poto
Ka rite ki te rauemi mata matua o taputapu taimana, te whakarerekētanga mata o taimana micropowder he tikanga nui ki te whakarei ake i te kaha mana matrix me te whakapai ake i te ora ratonga o nga taputapu. Hei whakapai ake i te tere o te uta onepu o nga taputapu taimana, ka taea te whakakikorua i te paparanga nickel me te ūkuikui ki runga i te mata o te micropowder taimana ki te whai i tetahi kawe, katahi ka whakapakeke i te paparanga whakakikorua ma te whakakikorua nickel, ka whakarei ake i te kawe. Heoi, me tohu ko te mata taimana ake karekau he pokapu hohe catalytic, no reira me whakamaarama i mua i te whakakikorua matū.
tuhinga tohutoro:
Liu Han. Te rangahau mo te hangarau paninga mata me te kounga o te paura moroiti taimana horihori [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, me Yuan Guangsheng. Te rangahau i te tukanga o mua maimoatanga o te paninga mata taimana [J]. Paerewa mokowhiti.
Li Jinghua. Rangahau mo te whakarereketanga o te mata me te whakamahi i te paura moroiti taimana hanga mo te kani waea [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, et al. He tukanga whakakikorua matū o te mata taimana horihori [J]. Tuhinga o IOL.
Kua taia ano tenei tuhinga i roto i te whatunga rauemi tino pakari
Te wa tuku: Maehe-13-2025
